Palabras clave
células HeLa
fibroblastos
estudios in vitro
in vivo
ex vivo e in silico
Cómo citar
Resumen
El estudio y la modificación de las células animales y humanas, en condiciones controladas de laboratorio, ha convertido a los cultivos celulares en un modelo crucial para la investigación básica, biomédica y farmacéutica. En esta revisión se detalla el origen y el desarrollo de esta técnica, al abordar conceptos clave como in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro e in silico en el cultivo celular. Se presenta una reseña histórica sobre cómo se resolvieron los problemas de esterilidad, adhesión al sustrato y suplementos necesarios para la supervivencia y proliferación celular. Se destacan ejemplos de los cultivos celulares en los que se mencionan las funciones de la señalización y de la regulación génica. La primera etapa consistió en el cultivo de los fibroblastos murinos y el de las células tumorales en el líquido de ascitis, así como el establecimiento de las líneas celulares HeLa y MCF-7 para los estudios sobre cáncer de mama. Se discute la importancia del suero fetal bovino y cómo la transfección en células HEK293 facilitó la producción industrial de los anticuerpos terapéuticos. Finalmente, se describe la evolución de los medios de cultivo empleados actualmente.
Citas
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