Palabras clave
actividad antibacteriana
Lamiaceae
Malvaceae
Asteraceae
Cómo citar
Resumen
In Mexico, medicinal plants have been integral to pre-Hispanic cultures since ancient times. Studies of the Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Malvaceae families have identified species with antibacterial properties, which represents a promising alternative for combating resistant bacteria that cause human disease and a source of new chemical compounds helpful in repairing the damage caused by these microorganisms. This review focuses on studies of the antibacterial activity of plants from the aforementioned families used in traditional Mexican medicine against gram-positive (+) and gram-negative (-) bacteria. It also provides a brief botanical description of some of these plants, including their uses, structural components, and types of extracts with bactericidal activity, inhibited bacterial strains, zone of inhibition, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, a description of the identified compounds with antibacterial potential and their possible mechanisms of action is provided.
Citas
Ak, G., Zengin, G., Ceylan, R., Fawzi Mahomoodally, M., Jugreet, S., Mollica, A. & Stefanucci, A. (2021). Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Calendula officinalis L. flowers and leaves. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 36(5), 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3661
Al-Shalah, L., Hadi, B., Abood, F., Hindi, N., Hamza, S., Jasim, A. & Al-Attabi, A. (2022). Antibacterial effect of aqueous extract of Theobroma Cacao against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria: an in vitro study. Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 6, 464-471. https://doi.org/10.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2023.3.2
Al-Snafi, A. E. (2018). Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium hirsutum-A. IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy, 8, 64-80.
Alhaithloul, H. A., Soliman, M. H., Ameta, K. L., El-Esawi, M. A. & Elkelish, A. (2019). Changes in ecophysiology, osmolytes, and secondary metabolites of the medicinal plants of Mentha piperita and Catharanthus roseus subjected to drought and heat stress. Biomolecules, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010043
Allenspach, M. & Steuer, C. (2021). α-Pinene: A never-ending story. Phytochemistry, 190, 112857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112857
Amor, G., Sabbah, M., Caputo, L., Idbella, M., De Feo, V., Porta, R., Fechtali, T. & Mauriello, G. (2021). Basil essential oil: composition, antimicrobial properties, and microencapsulation to produce active chitosan films for food packaging. Foods, 10(1), 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10010121
Arora, D., Rani, A. & Sharma, A. (2013). A review on phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Calendula. Pharmacognosy reviews, 7(14), 179-187. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.120520
Avila-Sosa, R., Navarro Cruz, A. R., Vera López, O., Dávila-Márquez, R., Melgoza-Palma, N. & Meza-Pluma, R. (2011). Romero: una revisión de sus usos no culinarios. Ciencia y Mar, 15(43), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2020.0.266
Balali, G. I., Yar, D. D. & Sylverken, A. A. (2023). Antimicrobial activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Aspilia africana against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi. Scientific African, 20, e01667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01667
Bassolé, I. H. N., Lamien-Meda, A., Bayala, B., Tirogo, S., Franz, C., Novak, J., Nebié, R. C. & Dicko, M. H. (2010). Composition and antimicrobial activities of Lippia multiflora Moldenke, Mentha x piperita L. and Ocimum basilicum L. essential oils and their major monoterpene alcohols alone and in combination. Molecules, 15(11), 7825-7839. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15117825
Cabada-Aguirre, P., López López, A. M., Mendoza, K. C. O., Garay Buenrostro, K. D., Luna-Vital, D. A. & Mahady, G. B. (2023). Mexican traditional medicines for women’s reproductive health. Scientific reports, 13(1), 2807. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29921-1
Camele, I., Gruľová, D. & Elshafie, H. S. (2021). Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Mentha × piperita cv. ‘Kristinka’ essential oil. Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 10(8), 1567. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081567
Çetin, B., Kalyoncu, F. & Kurtuluş, B. (2017). Antibacterial activities of Calendula officinalis callus extract. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3), 257-263. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.372108
Chakraborthy, G. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts of Calendula officinalis (Linn.). Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology, 2(2), 65-66.
Chaleshtori, S. H., Kachoie, M. A. & Pirbalouti, A. G. (2016). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial effects of Calendula officinalis essential oil. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 9(3), 517-522. https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/9.3/26
Cruz-Pérez, A. L., Barrera-Ramos, J., Bernal-Ramírez, L. A., Bravo-Avilez, D. & Rendón-Aguilar, B. (2021). Actualized inventory of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 17(7), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00431-y
da Silva Ramos, R., Rodrigues, A. B. L., Farias, A. L. F., Simões, R. C., Pinheiro, M. T., Ferreira, R. M. d. A., Costa Barbosa, L. M., Picanço Souto, R. N., Fernandes, J. B. & Santos, L. d. S. (2017). Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and larvicidal activities of the essential oil of Mentha piperita L.(Lamiaceae). The Scientific World Journal, 2017, 4927214. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4927214
Dasgupta, N., Ranjan, S., Saha, P., Jain, R., Malhotra, S. & Saleh, M. (2012). Antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta) against different gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. Journal of pharmaceutical research, 5(8), 4201-4203.
De Lima, L. F., de Oliveira, J. O., Carneiro, J. N. P., Lima, C. N. F., Coutinho, H. D. M. & Morais-Braga, M. F. B. (2021). Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial activities of the Gossypium (Cotton) genus: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28(279), 114363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114363
Delgado, L. A., de Sousa Siqueira, D., Ferreira, J. L. S., Cavalcante, J. N. M., de Oliveira Silva, R. C. M., Filgueira, R. C., Bezerra, R. V., de Oliveira, H. M. B. F. & de Oliveira Filho, A. A. (2019). Atividade antibacteriana do extrato etanólico bruto da Gossypium hirsutum L. contra cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae e Escherichia coli. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 11(3), e227-e227. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e227.2019
Eisenbrand, G., Cohen, S. M., Fukushima, S., Gooderham, N. J., Guengerich, F. P., Hecht, S. S., Rietjens, I., Rosol, T. J., Davidsen, J. M., Harman, C. L. & Taylor, S. V. (2021). FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Eucalyptus oil and other cyclic ether-containing flavoring ingredients. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 155, 112357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112357
Elyemni, M., El Ouadrhiri, F., Lahkimi, A., Elkamli, T., Bouia, A. & Eloutassi, N. (2022). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of wild and cultivated Rosmarinus officinalis from two Moroccan localities. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 23(3), 214-222. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/145458
Fullerton, M., Khatiwada, J., Johnson, J. U., Davis, S. & Williams, L. L. (2011). Determination of antimicrobial activity of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from food, veterinary, and clinical samples. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14(9), 950-956. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.0200
García-Pérez, J. S., Cuéllar-Bermúdez, S. P., Arévalo-Gallegos, A., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, J., Iqbal, H. M. N. & Parra-Saldivar, R. (2016). Identification of bioactivity, volatile and fatty acid profile in supercritical fluid extracts of Mexican arnica. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(9), 1528. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/9/1528
Ghalehnoo, Z. R. (2018). Diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 4(11), 65-67.
Ilić, Z. S., Milenković, L., Šunić, L., Tmušić, N., Mastilović, J., Kevrešan, Ž., Stanojević, L., Danilović, B. & Stanojević, J. (2021). Efficiency of basil essential oil antimicrobial agents under different shading treatments and harvest times. Agronomy, 11(8), 1574. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1574
Indrianingsih, A. W., Wulanjati, M. P., Windarsih, A., Bhattacharjya, D. K., Suzuki, T. & Katayama, T. (2021). In vitro studies of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities of Theobroma cacao, Anonna muricata and Clitoria ternatea. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 33, 101995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101995
Iyevhobu, K., Edo, E., Airefetalor, A., Jabbo, A., Dare, D., Ken-Iyevhobu, B. & Oseni, D. (2022). In-vitro evaluation of the anti-bacterial effect of Gossypium barbadense extracts on isolates of Salmonella typhi. Journal of Microbes and Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2187/003
Izquierdo-Vega, J. A., Arteaga-Badillo, D. A., Sánchez-Gutiérrez, M., Morales-González, J. A., Vargas-Mendoza, N., Gómez-Aldapa, C. A., Castro-Rosas, J., Delgado-Olivares, L., Madrigal-Bujaidar, E. & Madrigal-Santillán, E. (2020). Organic acids from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)—A brief review of its pharmacological effects. Biomedicines, 8(5), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050100
Jafari-Sales, A. & Pashazadeh, M. (2020). Study of chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oil on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 3(1), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.693371
Janssen, A. M., Chin, N. L., Scheffer, J. J. & Baerheim Svendsen, A. (1986). Screening for antimicrobial activity of some essential oils by the agar overlay technique. Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific, 8(6), 289-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02280052
Krishnaveni, M., Dhanalakshmi, R. & Nandhini, N. (2014). GC-MS analysis of phytochemicals, fatty acid profile, antimicrobial activity of Gossypium seeds. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 27(1), 273-276.
Kubo, I., Muroi, H., Kubo, A., Chaudhuri, S. K., Sanchez, Y. & Ogura, T. (1994). Antimicrobial agents from Heterotheca inuloides. Planta Medica, 60(03), 218-221. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959462
Kumar, S. & Sheba, A. (2019). A study on phytochemicals, antimicrobial, and synergistic antimicrobial activities of Hibuscus sabdariffa. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(3), 984-989. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i4.31597
Lim, T. (2013). Tagetes erecta. In Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 7, Flowers (Vol. 7, pp. 432-447). Springer.
Loolaie, M., Moasefi, N., Rasouli, H. & Adibi, H. (2017). Peppermint and its functionality: a review. Archives of Clinical Microbiology, 8(4:54), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100053
López-Martínez, S., Chan-Jiménez, J. E., López, E. S. H. & Rodríguez-Luna, A. R. (2023). Oreganón, perejil, cilantro, hierbabuena y albahaca a través de difracción de rayos x. Biotecnia, 25(3), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v25i3.1862
Mahboubi, M. & Kazempour, N. (2014). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Essential oil. Songklanakarin Journal of Science Technology, 36(1), 83-87.
Mahendran, G. & Rahman, L. U. (2020). Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (Mentha× piperita L.)—A review. Phytotherapy Research, 34(9), 2088-2139. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6664
Marjanović-Balaban, Ž., Stanojević, L., Kalaba, V., Stanojević, J., Cvetković, D., Cakić, M. & Gojković, V. (2018). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Menthae piperitae L. Quality of Life (Banja Luka)-APEIRON, 16(1-2), 5-12.
Martínez-Gordillo, M., Bedolla-García, B., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Fragoso-Martínez, I., García-Peña, M. d. R., González-Gallegos, J. G., Lara-Cabrera, S. I. & Zamudio, S. (2017). Lamiaceae de México. Botanical Sciences, 95(4), 780-806. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1871
Mata, R., Figueroa, M., Navarrete, A. & Rivero-Cruz, I. (2019). Chemistry and biology of selected Mexican medicinal plants. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural ProductS, 108, 1-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01099-7_1
Mediouni, S., Jablonski, J. A., Tsuda, S., Barsamian, A., Kessing, C., Richard, A., Biswas, A., Toledo, F., Andrade, V. M., Even, Y., Stevenson, M., Tellinghuisen, T., Choe, H., Cameron, M., Bannister, T. D. & Valente, S. T. (2020). Oregano oil and its principal component, carvacrol, inhibit HIV-1 fusion into target cells. Journal of Virology, 94(15), e00147-00120. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00147-20
Mekvimol, T., Poonthong, G., Chaipunna, C. & Pumipuntu, N. (2020). Antimicrobial activity of marigold (Tagetes erecta), mulberry (Morus indica), and red shallot (Allium ascalonicum) extracts against Streptococcus agalactiae. International Journal of One Health, 6, 56-60. https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2020.56-60
Meléndez, M. G., Camargo, G. Z., Meza Contreras, J. J., Sepúlveda, A. H., Santos Villalobos, S. d. l. & Parra Cota, F. I. (2017). Abiotic stress tolerance of microorganisms associated with oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora. Open Agriculture, 2(1), 260-265. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2017-0029
Mena, C., Silva, B. & Medina, A. (2020). Composición química y actividad biológica de los aceites esenciales de lamiaceas, asteraceas, vervenaceas: una revisión. Infoanalítica, 8(1), 47-68.
Miranda, G. S., Santana, G. S., Machado, B. B., Coelho, F. P. & Carvalho, C. A. (2013). Atividade antibacteriana in vitro de quatro espécies vegetais em diferentes graduações alcoólicas. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 15(1), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-05722013000100015
Moghaddam, A. M. D., Shayegh, J., Mikaili, P. & Sharaf, J. D. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extract of Ocimum basilicum L. leaves on a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(15), 3453-3456. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29020388
Navarro García, V. M., Rojas, G., Gerardo Zepeda, L., Aviles, M., Fuentes, M., Herrera, A. & Jiménez, E. (2006). Antifungal and antibacterial activity of four selected Mexican medicinal plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(4), 297-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200600715837
O’neil, J. (2014). Review on antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance: tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. London: Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, 20, 1-16.
Olaleye, T. F. & Ogunbiyi, O. J. (2022). Characterization, phytochemical screening and antimicrobial properties of stem bark extract of Theobroma cacao (Cocoa). International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, 9(6), 20-25.
Oniga, I., Pușcaș, C., Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R., Olah, N.-K., Sevastre, B., Marica, R., Marcus, I., Sevastre-Berghian, A. C., Benedec, D. & Pop, C. E. (2018). Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare: Chemical composition and biological studies. Molecules, 23(8), 2077. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082077
Ortiz-Bermudez, E., Villaseñor, J. L. & Tellez, O. (1998). La familia Asteraceae en el estado de Nayarit (México). Acta Botanica Mexicana, 44, 25-57. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm44.1998.805
Padalia, H. & Chanda, S. (2015). Antimicrobial efficacy of different solvent extracts of Tagetes erecta L. flower, alone and in combination with antibiotics. Applied Microbiology: open access, 1(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9315.1000106
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L. A., Stewart, L. A., Thomas, J., Tricco, A. C., Welch, V. A., Whiting, P., Moher, D., Yepes-Nuñez, J. J., Urrútia, G., Romero-García, M. & Alonso-Fernández, S. (2021). Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista Española de Cardiología, 74(9), 790-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016
Pérez-Delgado, O., Alvarado-Pineda, R. L. & Yacarini-Martínez, A. E. (2021). Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de extracto etanólico crudo de las hojas de Origanum vulgare, frente Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 y Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Journal of the Selva Andina Research Society, 12(1), 21-29.
Phillips, B. (2023). The Book of Herbs: An Illustrated AZ of the World’s Most Popular Culinary and Medicinal Plants. Cedar Fort Publishing & Media.
Portillo-Torres, L. A., Bernardino-Nicanor, A., Gómez-Aldapa, C. A., González-Montiel, S., Rangel-Vargas, E., Villagómez-Ibarra, J. R., González-Cruz, L., Cortés-López, H. & Castro-Rosas, J. (2019). Hibiscus acid and chromatographic fractions from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces: Antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotics, 8(4), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040218
Pretel, M., Sánchez, M., Pérez, V. & Obón, C. (2008). Usos y propiedades de las plantas comestibles silvestres de la familia Asteraceae. Horticultura, 207, 46-53.
Purushothaman, B., Prasanna Srinivasan, R., Suganthi, P., Ranganathan, B., Gimbun, J. & Shanmugam, K. (2018). A comprehensive review on Ocimum basilicum. Journal of Natural Remedies, 18 (13), 71-85. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2018/21324
Rakholiya, K. & Chanda, S. (2012). Pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical investigation of Mangifera indica L. var. Kesar leaf. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), S680-S684. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60295-0
Ramadhanie, C. D., Purwaningsih, S. & Koendhori, E. B. (2020). Effectivity of cacao rind ethanol extract in inhibiting Streptococcus Pyogenes growth in vitro. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga, 11(01), 6-8. https://doi.org/10.20473/juxta.V11I12020.6-8
Ramírez-Guillermo, M. Á., Lagunes-Espinoza, L. C., Ortiz-García, C. F., Gutiérrez, O. A. & Rosa-Santamaría, R. d. l. (2018). Variación morfológica de frutos y semillas de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) de plantaciones en Tabasco, México. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 41(2), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2018.2.117-125
Ramos, A., Edreira, A., Vizoso, A., Betancourt, J., López, M. & Décalo, M. (1998). Genotoxicity of an extract of Calendula officinalis L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 61(1), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00017-8
Rattanachaikunsopon, P. & Phumkhachorn, P. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil against Salmonella enteritidis in vitro and in food. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 74(6), 1200-1204. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.90939
Riaz, G. & Chopra, R. (2018). A review on phytochemistry and therapeutic uses of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 102, 575-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.023
Robles-Valdivia, M. T. & Sánchez-Otero, M. G. (2022). Familia Malvaceae: especies fundamentales en la industria agroalimentaria con potencial comercial, nutrimental y nutracéutico. Terra Latinoamericana, 40, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v40i0.943
Rodríguez-Chávez, J. L., Egas, V., Linares, E., Bye, R., Hernández, T., Espinosa-García, F. J. & Delgado, G. (2017). Mexican arnica (Heterotheca inuloides Cass. Asteraceae: Astereae): Ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents and biological properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 195, 39-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.021
Rojas, G., Lévaro, J., Tortoriello, J. & Navarro, V. (2001). Antimicrobial evaluation of certain plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74(1), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00349-4
Rosas-Piñón, Y., Mejía, A., Díaz-Ruiz, G., Aguilar, M. I., Sánchez-Nieto, S. & Rivero-Cruz, J. F. (2012). Ethnobotanical survey and antibacterial activity of plants used in the Altiplane region of Mexico for the treatment of oral cavity infections. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 141(3), 860-865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.020
Santoyo, S., Cavero, S., Jaime, L., Ibañez, E., Señoráns, F. J. & Reglero, G. (2005). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction. Journal of Food Protection, 68(4), 790-795. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-68.4.790
Shahen, M. Z., Mahmud, S., Rony, M., Sohana, S., Imran, M. A. S., Al Maruf, M. A., Azim, M. A. A., Islam, M. M., Islam, M. R. & Uddin, M. E. (2019). Effect of antibiotic susceptibility and inhibitory activity for the control of growth and survival of microorganisms of extracts of Calendula officinalis. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 1(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.34104/ejmhs.019
Sharma, A., del Carmen Flores-Vallejo, R., Cardoso-Taketa, A. & Villarreal, M. L. (2017). Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used in Mexican traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 208(2017), 264-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.045
Shetty, L. J., Sakr, F. M., Al-Obaidy, K., Patel, M. J. & Shareef, H. (2015). A brief review on medicinal plant Tagetes erecta Linn. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(3), 091-095. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2015.510.S16
Singh, R., Shushni, M. A. & Belkheir, A. (2015). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mentha piperita L. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 8(3), 322-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.01.019
Soltani, S., Shakeri, A., Iranshahi, M. & Boozari, M. (2021). A Review of the phytochemistry and antimicrobial properties of Origanum vulgare L. and subspecies . Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 20(2), e126905. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2020.113874.14539
Sotero-García, A. I., Gheno-Heredia, Y. A., Martínez-Campos, Á. R. & Arteaga-Reyes, T. T. (2016). Plantas medicinales usadas para las afecciones respiratorias en Loma Alta, Nevado de Toluca, México. Acta Botanica Mexicana, 114, 51-68.
Stanojevic, L. P., Marjanovic-Balaban, Z. R., Kalaba, V. D., Stanojevic, J. S., Cvetkovic, D. J. & Cakic, M. D. (2017). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 20(6), 1557-1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.010
Suppakul, P., Miltz, J., Sonneveld, K. & Bigger, S. W. (2003). Antimicrobial properties of basil and its possible application in food packaging. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(11), 3197-3207. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021038t
Varga, F., Carović-Stanko, K., Ristić, M., Grdiša, M., Liber, Z. & Šatović, Z. (2017). Morphological and biochemical intraspecific characterization of Ocimum basilicum L. Industrial Crops and Products, 109, 611-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.018
Villaseñor, J. L. (2018). Diversidad y distribución de la familia Asteraceae en México. Botanical Sciences, 96(2), 332-358. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1872
Xu, Z. & Deng, M. (2017). Malvaceae. In Identification and Control of Common Weeds: Volume 2 (Vol. 2, pp. 717-735). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1157-7_51
Yan, Y., Xia, X., Fatima, A., Zhang, L., Yuan, G., Lian, F. & Wang, Y. (2024). Antibacterial activity and mechanisms of plant flavonoids against gram-negative bacteria based on the antibacterial statistical model. Pharmaceuticals, 17(3), 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17030292
Zambrano Villalba, C. & Sánchez Medina, R. (2022). Relaciones interpersonales y violencia en el sistema familiar en confinamiento por COVID 19 en América Latina: revisión sistemática. Eleuthera, 24(1), 216-235. https://doi.org/10.17151/eleu.2022.24.1.11
Se declara que los Derechos de Autor de TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, pertenecen a la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas está distribuido bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.
Se sugiere a los Autores que una vez que su artículo esté publicado en TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, aparezca en los repositorios de las Instituciones a las que están adscritos, con la finalidad de que su difusión sea más amplia.