Palabras clave
histidina cinasa
regulador de respuesta
fosforilación
BarA/UvrY
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los sistemas de dos componentes (SDC), son el principal sistema de transducción de señales empleado por las bacterias y otros microorganismos para detectar cambios en el medio ambiente y generar una respuesta adaptativa. El mecanismo básico de funcionamiento de estos sistemas radica en reacciones de fosforilación y de-fosforilación entre una proteína sensora con actividad cinasa (CS) y su regulador de respuesta (RR) específico. Sin embargo, la participación de proteínas accesorias y cofactores, que frecuentemente participan en la señalización o intervienen en la regulación cruzada de SDC diferentes, integra a estos sistemas en complejas redes de señalización que operan de manera conjunta para responder con eficacia a los requerimientos fisiológicos del organismo. En la presente revisión se exponen algunos de los mecanismos de regulación que pueden ser adoptados por los SDC, ejemplificados con el SDC BarA/UvrY de Escherichia coli y los sistemas ortólogos en otras bacterias, que, aunque comparten un alto grado de homología, exhiben una gran versatilidad y adaptación en sus mecanismos de regulación, producto de las condiciones particulares a las que se enfrentan los diferentes géneros bacterianos que los contienen.
Citas
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