Palabras clave
toxicología
contaminación ambiental
modelo alternativo
Cómo citar
Resumen
Caenorhabditis elegans es un nematodo con una longitud aproximada de 1mm, que en la década de 1970 fue introducido como modelo experimental y se ha consolidado como una valiosa herramienta en diversos campos del conocimiento: la biología del desarrollo, la bioquímica y la neurobiología; sin embargo, su uso es en particular prominente en la farmacología y en la investigación para el desarrollo de fármacos. Debido a sus numerosas ventajas también se utiliza con amplitud en la investigación del envejecimiento y la toxicología. En esta revisión, se describe su anatomía, ciclo de vida, y las características que lo posicionan como un modelo alternativo y significativo en la investigación toxicológica. Se detalla su aplicación como bioindicador en ecotoxicología, las ventajas de su sistema nervioso simplificado para elucidar el impacto de diversos neurotóxicos y su potencial para investigar la contribución de tóxicos ambientales en la etiología de enfermedades neurodegenerativas y psiquiátricas. Se discute su uso en estudios relacionados con la teoría del origen del desarrollo de la salud y la enfermedad (DOHaD), e investigaciones en epigenética transgeneracional asociada a la exposición a contaminantes ambientales. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre las ventajas y limitaciones de C. elegans en las investigaciones toxicológicas.
Citas
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