Palabras clave
coinfecciones
ecología sintética
control biológico
Cómo citar
Resumen
El estudio de las infecciones multiespecie en las plantas es determinante para comprender su impacto en la salud y en el rendimiento de los cultivos, y para establecer estrategias hacia un manejo sustentable. En esta revisión, se discuten las principales coinfecciones causadas por fitopatógenos, con especial atención a las aproximaciones experimentales para identificar las interacciones sinérgicas y antagónicas mediante ensayos de coinoculación. También se menciona el potencial de la ecología sintética en la generación de comunidades microbianas y su contribución al estudio y control de las coinfecciones. Aunque la ecología de las coinfecciones ha sido explorada, su estudio en sistemas experimentales convencionales presenta múltiples limitantes, por desconocerse: la diversidad y dinámica de las comunidades microbianas, la contribución individual en la coinfección, la evolución de los mecanismos de virulencia, los mecanismos de defensa del hospedero y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales en la incidencia y severidad de la coinfección. Una alternativa es la utilización de la ecología sintética por su posible aportación al desarrollo de nuevos modelos experimentales que expliquen las interacciones en una infección multiespecie, y en el diseño de estrategias sostenibles de protección a los cultivos agrícolas para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria. Esta revisión propone el estudio de las infecciones multiespecie desde una perspectiva ecológica, con herramientas de ecología sintética, para un biocontrol sustentable y un manejo integral.
Citas
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