Palabras clave
espectroscopía infraroja
in vitro
bioaumentación
suelos agrícolas
tolerancia
Cómo citar
Resumen
En Tehuacán, Puebla, México, las aguas residuales de origen textil contienen el colorante azul índigo. En la presente investigación se evaluó la capacidad de biodecoloración de este colorante en cepas nativas de Trichoderma harzianum aisladas de suelos agrícolas afectados por la industria textil. Para ello, se analizaron parámetros físicos y químicos de muestras de aguas residuales textiles y suelo agrícola contaminado con azul índigo. En las aguas residuales los parámetros estuvieron fuera de la norma oficial mexicana con una concentración de azul índigo de 0.364 g/L, Conductividad Eléctrica (0.020 dS/cm), Sólidos Suspendidos Totales (326.667 mg/L), Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (437 mg/L), Demanda Química de Oxígeno (706 mg/L), Nitrógeno Total Kjeldahl (78.042 mg/L), Fósforo Total (10.89 mg/L) y Sulfuros (163.758 mg/L). En el suelo agrícola, además de medir la concentración de azul índigo que fue de 0.083 g/L se tomaron muestras, y fueron identificados dos cepas de hongos como T. harzianum, Buap Tehazo 1 y Tehazo 2 con base en secuencias ITS. Las cepas mostraron una tolerancia a 0.2 g/L de azul índigo en medio mineral y la capacidad de biodecolorar 122.6 mg/L y 148.6 mg/L de azul índigo, respectivamente, transformándolo en isatina, acorde al análisis de espectroscopía UV-Vis y FTIR. Estos resultados indican que las cepas de T. harzianum pueden biodecolorar el azul índigo con un proceso oxidativo y generar isatina producto de la reacción.
Citas
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