Palabras clave
farmabióticos
composición corporal
microbiota intestinal
postbióticos
inflamación
Cómo citar
Resumen
La composición corporal es un determinante crítico de la salud metabólica y funcional, cuya regulación depende de la interacción dinámica entre la homeostasis energética, la inflamación sistémica y la integridad de la barrera intestinal. En este contexto, la microbiota intestinal es un eje fisiopatológico que modula la partición energética, el metabolismo de nutrientes, la sensibilidad a la insulina, y la distribución de la masa grasa y magra. La presente revisión analiza el papel de los nutribióticos y farmabióticos en la modulación de la composición corporal al integrar los mecanismos fisiometabólicos, los procesos inflamatorios y las rutas energéticas con implicación clínica actual y futura. Desde una perspectiva funcional, los nutribióticos favorecen la biotransformación de los sustratos dietarios, la biodisponibilidad de nutrientes y la regulación metabólica de los macro y micronutrientes, lo que contribuye a la homeostasis energética y al mantenimiento del tejido muscular. En contraste, los farmabióticos ejercen efectos bioterapéuticos mediante la modulación inmunometabólica, la producción de postbióticos en particular los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC), y el fortalecimiento de la barrera intestinal, procesos asociados con la reducción de la endotoxemia y la inflamación de bajo grado. La evidencia sugiere que estas intervenciones reprograman rutas metabólicas relaciona das con la lipogénesis, la señalización insulínica, y la síntesis proteica favoreciendo las modificaciones en los compartimentos corporales. No obstante, lo heterogéneo de los hallazgos limita su integración mecanística y su aplicación clínica. En conjunto, nutribióticos y farmabióticos se perfilan como herramientas prometedoras para el tratamiento de la obesidad, la sarcopenia y el síndrome metabólico; sin embargo, su incorporación terapéutica exige ensayos clínicos robustos, biomarcadores estandarizados y marcos regulatorios que garanticen seguridad y reproducibilidad para su implementación en la práctica clínica.
Citas
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