Keywords
hypertrophic scar
fibrosis
burns
diabetes
How to Cite
Abstract
The wound healing process is a complex process that involves various cell types and molecular events with the goal of restoring tissue integrity. Healing occurs in four sequential stages known as: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Among these, inflammation is a phase that must be upregulated to close the wound and ensure proper healing. This phase is regulated by immune system cells that release cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and growth factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Dysregulation of cytokines and growth factors leads to chronic inflammation, which in turn promotes fibrosis and results in hypertrophic scar formation. There are several causes of chronic scarring, with burns being one of the main injuries associated with this condition. Around 80% of burn injuries result in hypertrophic scarring, as a consequence of the imbalance in the interaction between various skin tissue cells and the immune system during healing. This review discusses the role of cytokines and growth factors involved in inflammation and how burns lead to hypertrophic scarring.
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