Keywords
bioactive compounds
Prosopis spp.
Schinus molle
How to Cite
Abstract
The diverse flora distributed throughout the state of Coahuila, comprised of native and introduced species of great economic or medicinal importance, includes mesquite (Prosopis spp.) and pirul tree (Schinus molle). These species are the subject of study due to their properties, and this work aimed to determine and compare the bioactive components (ethanolic extracts) contained in their branches, leaves, flowers, and seeds using ultrasound technology (United States). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, reducing sugars, coumarins, tannins, phenols, and flavonoids; furthermore, the extraction time did not alter the composition of the extracts. However, a quantitative effect on the flavonoid and polyphenol content was observed in PsU3, with values of 14.76 mg EQ/g and 11.34 mg EQ/g, respectively, while in SmU3, values of 16.39 mg EQ/g and 9.96 mg EQ/g were recorded. Antioxidant activity, assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, showed differences between species and extraction times. In P. spp., the highest values corresponded to PsU1 (80.36% DPPH) and PsU3 (92.71% ABTS), and in S. molle, 44.27% DPPH and 86.77% ABTS in SmU3. These results confirm that ultrasound promotes the release of compounds with antioxidant capacity, although the response depends on the species and the specific radical being tested. It is worth mentioning that the values for P. spp. exceed those reported by Jahromi et al. for P. farcta (53.2%), unlike those for S. molle, which align with the findings of Volpini et al., who demonstrated the ability to retard oxidation in vegetable oils. Furthermore, the main development of this study was to consider various parts of the plant (branches, leaves, flowers, and seeds) and integrate them into a single extract, representing a novel contribution to research focused solely on specific tissues. In conclusion, the P. spp. and S. molle extracts obtained by the USA show great potential for application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, thanks to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties. Moreover, the finding that short extraction times do not affect the qualitative composition of the compounds opens the possibility of optimizing processes, reducing costs, and promoting sustainability.
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