Keywords
adsorption
separation
dyes
heavy metals
How to Cite
Abstract
This review presents the relevant characteristics and properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their potential use as adsorbent materials. Their hybrid nature comes from the coordination of bonds between metal nodes and organic ligands, resulting in highly porous and modular two-dimensional or three-dimensional crystalline structures with a large surface area and specific functional groups. These structures are ideal for gas separation and the removal of compounds that pollute water through adsorption and diffusion mechanisms. The wide availability of organic ligands and metal ion sources allows for the design of a virtually infinite variety of MOFs with specific porosity and physicochemical properties. Their components are described, and the main methods for their synthesis—solvothermal, sonochemical, mechanochemical, and electrochemical routes—are outlined. The highlights of some of their characteristics are also addressed, providing an overview that underscores their importance in the field of industrial gas separation and adsorption, as well as in the removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous media, when applied as a solid adsorbent or in membrane form.
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