Palabras clave
adsorción
separación
colorantes
metales pesados
Cómo citar
Resumen
En esta revisión se presentan las características y propiedades de relevancia en las estructuras metal orgánicas (MOFs) y su uso potencial como materiales adsorbentes. Su naturaleza híbrida proviene de la coordinación de los enlaces entre nodos metálicos y ligandos orgánicos de los que resultan estructuras cristalinas bi o tridimensionales altamente porosas y modulables con una amplia área de superficie y grupos funcionales específicos. Estas estructuras son aptas para separar gases y remover compuestos que contaminan el agua, por medio de mecanismos de adsorción y difusión. La amplia disponibilidad de ligandos orgánicos y fuentes de iones metálicos permite el diseño de una diversidad casi finita de MOFs con porosidad y propiedades fisicoquímicas particulares. Se describen sus componentes, y los principales métodos para su síntesis son las rutas solvotermal, la sonoquímica, la mecanoquímica y la electroquímica. Asimismo, se aborda lo más sobresaliente de algunas de sus características, una descripción general que sustenta su importancia en el ámbito de la separación y adsorción de gases industriales y en la remoción de metales pesados y colorantes en un medio acuoso, al aplicarlas como un sólido adsorbente o en forma de membrana.
Citas
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